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琅邪台刻石
Langya Terrace Inscription, Ode to the First Emperor

維二十六年,皇帝作始。

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After just twenty-six years[1],

The Emperor started out[2]:

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端平法度,萬物之紀。

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He established fair rules and measures,

And ordered the ten thousand things.

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以明人事,合約父子。

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​Such as to clarify the affairs of each,

Fathers and sons in compact,

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聖智仁義,顯白道理。

 

Wisdom, benevolence and justice:

He traced out the paths to be followed.

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東撫東土,以省卒士。

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In the East he quieted the eastern lands,

He garrisoned them as provinces[3].

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事已大畢,乃臨於海。

 

His work having reached its grand conclusion,

He gazed out over the sea,

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皇帝之功,勤勞本事。

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His imperial honours

Hard won by labour alone.

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上農除末,黔首是富。

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He elevated farming and eliminated subsidiary professions,

And the poor prospered[4].

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普天之下,摶心揖志。

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All beneath the heavens,

Are of one mind, subsumed in one will.

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器械一量,同書文字。

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All scales used one measure,

All missives one script,

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日月所照,舟輿所載。

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Wherever sun and moon may shine,

Wherever boat and carriage may reach.

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皆終其命,莫不得意。

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All end their appointed days,

Without any cause for dissatisfaction.

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應時動事,是維皇帝。

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To impel such affairs in due season,

Belongs to none but a true Emperor.

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匡飭異俗,陵水經地。

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He reined in the various local customs,

Channeled the waters and mapped out the lands.

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憂卹黔首,朝夕不懈。

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Out of concern for the poor,

He worked without respite from dawn to dusk,

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除疑定法,鹹知所闢。

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Eliminating uncertainty and fixing the laws,

That all should know what not to do.

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方伯分職,諸治經易。

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Dividing up the duties of the local officials,

​To manage stasis and change.

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舉錯必當,莫不如畫。

 

Excellence and failure met with due consequences,

Nothing matched his plans.

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皇帝之明,臨察四方。

 

The Emperor's wisdom

Oversaw all the four directions

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尊卑貴賤,不逾次行。

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The respected and contemptible, worthy and worthless,

None overstepped their due ranks,

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姦邪不容,皆務貞良。

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No subversion was admitted,

And all served the good.

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細大盡力,莫敢怠荒。

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In small and great they strive alike,

None daring any dissipation.

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遠邇闢隱,專務肅莊。

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Near and far, even in private,

All were solemnly devoted to their work,

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端直敦忠,事業有常。

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With honesty and loyalty,

Establishing their careers.

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皇帝之德,存定四極。

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Respect for the Emperor

Maintained stability in all four corners of the earth.

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誅亂除害,興利致福。

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Eliminating rebellion and removing threats,

Generating abundance and bringing blessings.

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節事以時,諸產繁殖。

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All works were completed in due season,

And the various industries thrived.​

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黔首安寧,不用兵革。

 

The common people were at peace,

And there was no need to provision armies.

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六親相保,終無寇賊。

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Families[5] took care of one another,

And bandits were no more.

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歡欣奉教,盡知法國。

 

Gratefully they received their instructions,

And all knew the laws of the land.

 

六合之內,皇帝之土。

 

All within the six unified states,

Was the Emperor's domain:

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西涉流沙,南盡北戶。

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From the shifting sands in the west,

To the far South where doors open northwards[6].

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東有東海,北過大夏。

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In the East he has the Eastern Sea,

In the North his writ runs beyond Daxia[7].

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人跡所至,無不臣者。

 

Wherever man sets foot,

There are none who are not his servants.

 

功蓋五帝,澤及牛馬。

 

His achievements surpass the Five Emperors,

And his blessings pour down even to the oxen and horses[9].

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莫不受德,各安其宇。

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None have not benefited from his merit,

And each is tranquil within his own domain.

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[1] I.e. after twenty-six years as King of Qin.

[2] Contrary to modern interpretations, this stele discounts the work of unification itself, seeing the real task as being the consolidation of the Empire.

[3] This line is phrased somewhat strangely.

[4] Literally "the black-headed people" - that is, those not wearing official caps.

[5] Literally the "six kin". There are various lists of the relationships included within the official six.

[6] In northern China buildings were constructed to face South and take maximum advantage of solar heat and light. Builders in the newly-formed southern commanderies seem to have been more flexible in their orientations - the palace of Nanyue was built diagonally to the compass points, for example.

[7] The area between the Yellow and the Fen rivers.

[8] Semi-legendary founding fathers. The precise list of individuals varies depending on the source.

[9] The idea that even draft animals benefited from peace as much as humans (not being obliged to participate in warfare) was a common trope in literature at the time.

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